signs, in France, due to the tiger mosquito

Dengue fever is a illness current in France. In response to Public Well being France, from 1^is Could to September 2, 2022, 139 instances imported dengue fever have been recognized in France together with 133 in departments with documented institution ofAedes albopictusthe well-known tiger mosquito. These instances are primarily recorded within the south of France, within the Occitanie and Paca areas. When instances of dengue fever are recognized in France, epidemiological investigations are carried out to determine doable different instances and exactly outline the transmission zone. Well being professionals within the sectors involved are made conscious of the diagnostic and reporting different instances. Mosquito management actions are additionally carried out.

“Lately, Aedes albopictus, vector of dengue fever in Asia, has established itself in North America and Europe, together with France the place 2 first autochthonous instances had been recognized in 2010 in Good“ informs Professor Anna-Bella Failloux, head of the “Arboviruses and Insect vectors” analysis and experience unit on the Institut Pasteur. In response to Public Well being France, from 1^is Could to September 2, 2022, 139 instances imported dengue fever have been recognized in France together with 133 in departments with documented institution ofAedes albopictusthe well-known tiger mosquito. These instances are primarily recorded within the south of France, within the Occitanie and Paca areas.

Checklist of departments with documented implementation ofAedes albopictus at 1^is Could 2022

Ain, Aisne, Alpes de Haute-Provence, Alpes-Maritimes, Ardèche, Ariège, Aude, Aveyron, Bas-Rhin, Bouches du Rhône, Cantal, Charente, Charente Maritime, Cher, Corrèze, South Corsica, Côte d’Or, Deux-Sèvres, Dordogne, Doubs, Drôme, Essonne, Gard, Gers, Gironde, Haute-Corse, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Alpes, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Savoie, Haut-Rhin, Hauts-de-Seine, Haute- Vienne, Hérault, Indre, Indre-et-loire, Isère, Jura, Landes, Loire, Loire Atlantique, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Lozère, Maine-et-Loire, Mayenne, Nièvre, Paris, Puy-de-Dôme , Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Pyrénées-Orientales, Rhône, Saône-et-Loire, Savoie, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-St-Denis, Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne, Val-de-Marne, Var, Vaucluse, Vendée , Vienne, Yvelines, Val-d’Oise, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Loiret.

Dengue is a illness brought on by a virus transmitted to people by feminine mosquitoes of the genus Aedesprimarily the species Temples of the Egyptians. Aedes albopictus, extra generally often known as the tiger mosquito also can transmit dengue. It’s a fairly often gentle illness. Dengue virus is a arbovirus (virus transmitted by bugs) divided into 4 serotypes :

• THE 1ST,
• DEN-2,
• THE 3RD
• THE FOURTH.

In individuals who have been contaminated, restoration results in lifelong immunity towards the serotype inflicting the an infection, however not towards the opposite three. A person can subsequently be contaminated with every of the 4 dengue serotypes throughout their lifetime.

The vector of the dengue virus is the Aedes aegypti mosquito and the tiger mosquito which dwell in city areas and breed primarily in containers with standing water. In Aedes aegypti, cis the feminine that stings, primarily through the day, with a peak of exercise within the early morning and night earlier than nightfall. “Aedes albopictusat daytime exercisecurrent in Asia has unfold to North America and Europe. Endowed with nice ease of adaptation in temperate zones, it was launched in 2004 within the Alpes-Maritimes, and its space of ​​implantation continues to increase”recollects Professor Anna-Bella Failloux, head of the “Arboviruses and Insect Vectors” analysis and experience unit on the Institut Pasteur.

An individual contaminated with dengue will not be contagious to a different human being.

► The mode of contamination is basic : the mosquito turns into contaminated by biting an already contaminated individual and may thus transmit the virus by biting one other particular person a couple of days later. As soon as within the physique, the virus multiplies and persists for 3 to 10 days. The individual contaminated with dengue fever will not be contagious for an additional human being, however it may contaminate different mosquitoes of the genus Aedes whether it is bitten once more in a interval starting from 1 to 2 days earlier than the onset of signs and as much as 7 days later. The virus can, extra hardly ever, be transmitted by transfusion or transplantation (of organs or cells).

The dengue fever is asymptomatic in 50 to 90% of instances (variable share in response to the epidemics). Signs are most frequently flu-like (sudden excessive fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, joint and muscle ache, and rash resembling that of measles) manifesting inside 3 to 14 days (4 to 7 days on common incubation interval) following the mosquito chew. Most frequently benign though disabling, basic dengue can nevertheless be sophisticated by hemorrhagic varieties. Seek the advice of your physician instantly within the presence of suggestive signs (sudden onset excessive fever, muscle or joint ache, eye ache, fatigue, headache), particularly if they seem inside 15 days of getting back from a visit to a tropical space.

Dengue impacts infants, younger kids and adults alike. So there aren’t any folks in danger greater than others. Nonetheless, folks residing in areas with excessive circulation of the virus (see beneath) are most in danger.

Two and a half billion folks dwell in areas in danger. Dengue is rampant primarily in the entire intertropical zone. Lengthy restricted to Southeast Asia, it continues to increase to the Indian Ocean, the South Pacific, the West Indies French andLatin Americathe place the annual instances reported had been multiplied by 60 between 1989 and 1993 in comparison with the earlier interval (1984-1988).

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine and aspirin are contraindicated.

Early prognosis could be made by seek for NS1 antigena dengue virus protein detected within the serum of individuals with dengue on the onset of fever; the identification of the virus may also be carried out early.
The seek for IgM-type antibodies, solely turns into optimistic across the sixth or seventh day of fever and persists for a median of two to three months. Different extra subtle organic examinations, resembling PCR or viral cultures, are reserved for analysis or the very specialised laboratories of reference centres. “The organic prognosis permits the declaration of the illness; however, if we settle for the speculation in response to which a second an infection may very well be extra extremeit’s preferable for an individual to know whether or not or not they’ve already had an episode of dengue fever, in an effort to undertake much more drastic preventive measures”says Professor Failloux.

The diagnostic method really useful within the ministerial plan “anti-dissemination of chikungunya and dengue fever” is as follows:

• As much as 5 days after the onset of indicators (D5): RT-PCR
• Between D5 and D7: RT-PCR and serology
• After D7: serology solely (IgG and IgM) with a second affirmation pattern on the earliest 10 days after the primary pattern

Blood samples could be taken by any evaluation and medical biology laboratory.

There isn’t any no particular therapy dengue. The therapy is symptomatic, supposed to combat towards ache and fever. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (ibruprofen, and so forth.) and particularly aspirin are contraindicated resulting from thrombocytopenia (low platelet rely) and hemorrhagic danger.

There isn’t any vaccine towards dengue fever. Prevention subsequently depends on efficient vector management measures.

In response to the ARS, to keep away from mosquito bites, it’s advisable to:

• put on protecting and ample clothes, even to impregnate them with insecticide for materials;
• use a pores and skin repellent, ideally within the morning and night, really useful by a pharmacist, on uncovered areas of pores and skin;
• if needed, use mosquito nets on the openings (doorways and home windows);
• utilizing crib nets for newborns;
• use electrical diffusers inside houses;
• use insecticide coils solely open air;
• use air conditioners or followers that intrude with mosquitoes.

To restrict the event of mosquitoes round your propertyit’s proper to :

• empty, retailer or get rid of any container that will comprise water;
• cowl water provides with a mosquito internet or fabric to make them hermetic;
• clear gutters and gutters;
• keep away from unlawful dumping of waste.

Dengue virus an infection throughout being pregnant doesn’t trigger no elevated danger of illness or worsening illness within the mom. The speed of malformations will not be elevated, however often instances of congenital dengue fever are noticed. Untimely births and abortions are probably extra frequent in dengue sufferers. An infection of the fetus happens earlier than delivery, over the last weeks of being pregnant.

Medical vigilance needs to be maximal across the 4th day.

In kids beneath 15 years outdated, hypovolemic shock could set in (cooling, clammy pores and skin and imperceptible pulse signaling circulatory failure) and result in stomach ache. Applicable medical therapy is important to keep away from issues and the danger of loss of life. An intravenous infusion should be began rapidly to revive the blood quantity as a result of haemorrhages can result in important blood loss.

Extreme dengue is a life-threatening complication by the prevalence of a State of shock or bleeding issues. Usually after the resurgence of fever, the an infection begins once more and may evolve in uncommon instances (1% of instances in folks with dengue signs) to extreme dengue. Medical vigilance needs to be maximal across the 4th day. The dengue often heals inside 2 weekshowever restoration time can take a number of weeks. Sufferers could really feel fairly drained throughout this era and develop depressive signs.

Produced with Professor Anna-Bella Failloux, head of the “Arboviruses and Insect vectors” analysis and experience unit on the Institut Pasteur.